Frien Refla Syarif
Sari Asih Hospital, Indonesia
Title: Latest insights of melasma and its newest treatment
Biography
Biography: Frien Refla Syarif
Abstract
Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder and characterized by symmetrical hyperpigmented macules and patches on the sun exposed area especially on the face. It is one of the most common skin problem and widely occur in women. This hyperpigmentation disorder commonly occurs in Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI that can causes cosmetic disfigurement and leads to psychological problems. Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood but the common risk factors for melasma include ultraviolet exposure, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, thyroid hormones, cosmetics, phototoxic medications, anticonvulsant drugs and genetic factor. Most recently data supported that pathogenesis of melasma involves vascular growth factors. Although various treatments are available for melasma, it remains a difficult condition to treat because pigment formation is highly complex. A wide variety of treatments include hydroquinone, tretinoin, kojic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, arbutin, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, laser, broad spectrum sunscreen and sun avoidance have been suggested to be a pigmentation control agents. In recent times, platelet rich plasma (PRP) is fetching attention in aesthetic medicine with fewer side effects and could be a promising treatment options for melasma. Apart from topical treatments, oral medications are also widely developed to improve melasma and may provide as well for the treatment options for overall hyperpigmentation cases.